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The Pragmatic Programmer says, "Learn a new language every year". This is great advice, not just because it puts new tools into your mental toolbox that you can pull out on various occasions to get a job done, but also because it opens your mind to new ideas and new concepts that will filter their way into your code even without explicit language support. For example, suppose you've looked at (J/Iron)Ruby or Groovy, and come to like the "internal iterator" approach as a way of simplifying moving across a collection of objects in a uniform way; for political and cultural reasons, though, you can't write code in anything but Java. You're frustrated, because local anonymous functions (also commonly--and, I think, mistakenly--called closures ) are not a first-class concept in Java. Then, you later look at Haskell/ML/Scala/F#, which makes heavy use of what Java programmers would call "static methods" to carry out operations, and realize that this could, in fact, be adapted to Java to give you the "internal iteration" concept over the Java Collections: 1: package com.tedneward.util; 2: 3: import java.util.*; 4: 5: public interface Acceptor 6: { 7: public void each(Object obj); 8: } 9: 10: public class Collection 11: { 12: public static void each(List list, Acceptor acc) 13: { 14: for (Object o : list) 15: acc.each(o); 16: } 17: } Where using it would look like this: 1: import com.tedneward.util.*; 2: 3: List personList = ...; 4: Collection.each( new Accpetor() { 5: public void each(Object person) { 6: System.out.println( "Found person " + person + ", isn't that nice?" ); 7: } 8: }); Is it quite as nice or as clean as using it from a language that has first-class support for anonymous local functions? No, but slowly migrating over to this style has a couple of definitive effects, most notably that you will start grooming the rest of your team (who may be reluctant to pick up these new languages) towards the new ideas that will be present in Groovy, and when they finally do see them (as they will, eventually, unless they hide under rocks on a daily basis), they will realize what's going on here that much more quickly, and start adding their voices to the call to start using (J/Iron)Ruby/Groovy for certain things in the codebase you support. (By the way, this is so much easier to do in C# 2.0, thanks to generics, static classes and anonymous delegates... 1: namespace TedNeward.Util 2: { 3: public delegate void EachProc<T>(T obj); 4: public static class Collection Read More...
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I've been asked to put together a list of the "best" Java resources that every up-and-coming Java developer should have, and I'd like this list to be as comprehensive as possible and, more importantly, reflect more than just my own opinion. So, either through comments or through email , let me know what you think the best Java resources are in the following categories: Websites and developer Web portals Weblogs/RSS feeds. (Not all have to be hand-authored blogs--if you find an RSS feed for news on java.net projects, for example, that would count as well.) Java packages and/or libaries. (Either those within Java Standard Edition--a la Reflection or the Scripting API--or from Enterprise Edition--a la JMS--or even third-party packages, a la Spring.) Conferences, even including those that I don't speak at. ;-) Books. Tools. (IDEs, build tools, static analysis tools, either commercial or open source.) Future trends you think bear watching. There is, of course, no prize to be won here, and I'd please ask the vendors (commercial or open source) who watch my blog to avoid outright advertisements in comments (though you are free to rattle off the various advantages of your product in an email to me), in order to avoid turning this weblog into a gigantic row of billboards along the freeway. I am interested in peoples' opinions, however, and more importantly, why you think X should be on that list, or even why Y shouldn't. Keep it civil, though, please--I'll delete any comments that get too vindictive or offensive. (That doesn't mean that you have to agree with me--just avoid calling anybody names. Basic 'Netiquette.) Oh, and if you want to be mentioned in the article (which will be published on an international developer site), please indicate how you'd like to be accredited. Or not. Whatever you prefer. Enterprise consulting, mentoring or instruction. Java, C++, .NET or XML services. 1-day or multi-day workshops available. Contact me for details . Read More...
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Steve Yegge posted the transcript from a talk on dynamic languages that he gave at Stanford. Cedric Beust posted a response to Steve's talk, espousing statically-typed languages. Numerous comments and flamewars erupted, not to mention a Star Wars analogy (which always makes things more fun). This is my feeble attempt to play galactic peacemaker. Or at least galactic color commentary and play-by-play. I have no doubts about its efficacy, and that it will only fan the flames, for that's how these things work. Still, I feel a certain perverse pleasure in pretending, so.... Enjoy the carnage that results. First of all, let me be very honest: I like Steve's talk. I think he does a pretty good job of representing the negatives and positives of dynamic languages, though there are obviously places where I'm going to disagree: "Because we all know that C++ has some very serious problems, that organizations, you know, put hundreds of staff years into fixing. Portability across compiler upgrades, across platforms, I mean the list goes on and on and on. C++ is like an evolutionary sort of dead-end. But, you know, it's fast, right?" Funny, I doubt Bjarne Stroustrup or Herb Sutter would agree with the "evolutionary dead-end" statement, but they're biased, so let's put that aside for a moment. Have organizations put hundreds of staff years into fixing the problems of C++? Possibly--it would be good to know what Steve considers the "very serious problems" of C++, because that list he does give (compiler/platform/language upgrades and portability across platforms) seems problematic regardless of the langauge or platform you choose--Lord knows we saw that with Java, and Lord knows we see it with ECMAScript in the browser, too. The larger question should be, can, and does, the language evolve? Clearly, based on the work in the Boost libraries and the C++0X standards work, the answer is yes, every bit as much as Java or C#/.NET is, and arguably much more so than what we're seeing in some of the dynamic languages. C++ is getting a standardized memory model, which will make a portable threading package possible, as well as lambda expressions, which is a far cry from the language that I grew up with. That seems evolutionary to me. What's more, Bjarne has said, point-blank, that he prefers taking a slow approach to adopting new features or ideas, so that it can be "done right", and I think that's every bit a fair position to take, regardless of whether I agree with it or not. (I'd Read More...
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Not too long ago, Don wrote : The three most “personal” choices a developer makes are language, tool, and OS. No. That may be true for somebody who works for a large commercial or open source vendor, whose team is building something that fits into one of those three categories and wants to see that language/tool/OS succeed. That is not where most of us live. If you do, certainly, you are welcome to your opinion, but please accept with good grace that your agenda is not the same as my own. Most of us in the practitioner space are using languages, tools and OSes to solve customer problems, and making the decision to use a particular language, tool or OS a personal one generally gets us into trouble--how many developers do you know that identify themselves so closely with that decision that they include it in their personal metadata? "Hi, I'm Joe, and I'm a Java programmer." Or, "Oh, good God, you're running Windows? What are you, some kind of Micro$oft lover or something?" Or, "Linux? You really are a geek, aren't you? Recompiled your kernel lately (snicker, snicker)?" Sorry, but all of those make me want to hurl. Of these kinds of statements are technical zealotry and flame wars built. When programmers embed their choice so deeply into their psyche that it becomes the tagline by which they identify themselves, it becomes an "ego" thing instead of a "tool" thing. What's more, it involves customers and people outside the field in an argument that has nothing to do with them. Think about it for a second; the last time you hired a contractor to add a deck to your house, what's your reaction when they introduce themselves as, "Hi, I'm Kim, and I'm a Craftsman contractor." Or, overheard at the job site, "Oh, good God, you're using a Skil? What are you, some kind of nut or something?" Or, as you look at the tools on their belt, "Nokita? You really are a geek, aren't you? Rebuilt your tools from scratch lately (snicker, snicker)?" Do you, the customer, really care what kind of tools they use? Or do you care more for the quality of solution they build for you? It's hard to imagine how the discussion can even come up, it's so ludicrous. Try this one on, instead: "Hi, I'm Ted, and I'm a programmer." I use a variety of languages, tools, and OSes, and my choice of which to use are all geared around a single end goal: not to promote my own social or political agenda, but to make my customer happy . Sometimes that means using C# on Windows. Sometimes that means using Java Read More...
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So I see, via the blogosphere, that a Java 6 update is available for the Mac , so I run off to the Apple website to download the package . Click on the link, and I'm happy. Wait.... It's for 64-bit Intel Macs only ?!? Apple, why do you tease me this way? Why is it that you can build it for 64-bit machines, but not 32-bit? This just seems entirely spurious and artificial. Somebody please tell me that it's otherwise, and why, because until then, I'm going to just assume that Apple doesn't give a whit about Java. Enterprise consulting, mentoring or instruction. Java, C++, .NET or XML services. 1-day or multi-day workshops available. Contact me for details . Read More...
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Recently I received a press announcement from Waggener-Edstrom, Microsoft's PR company, about their latest move in the interoperability space; I reproduce it here in its entirety for your perusal: Hi Ted, Microsoft is announcing another action to promote greater interoperability, opportunity and choice across the IT industry of developers, partners, customers and competitors. Today Microsoft is posting additional documentation of the XAML (eXtensible Application Markup Language) formats for advanced user experiences, enabling third parties to access and implement the XAML formats in their own client, server and tool products. This documentation is publicly available, for no charge, at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=113699 . It will assist developers building non-Microsoft clients and servers to read and write XAML to process advanced user experiences – with lots of animation, rich 2D and 3D graphic and video. Specifically, non-Microsoft servers can more easily generate XAML files to be handled, for example, by applications running on Windows client machines. In addition, non-Microsoft clients can be written more easily to interpret XAML files. This action will assist ISVs in creating design tools and file format converters to read and write XAML to create advanced user experiences. Microsoft is making this documentation available under the Microsoft Open Specification Promise (OSP), which will allow developers of all types anywhere in the world to access and implement the XAML formats in their own client, server or tool products without having to take a license or pay a fee to Microsoft. The following quote is attributable to Tom Robertson, general manager, Interoperability and Standards, Microsoft. “Microsoft’s posting of the expanded set of XAML format documentation to assist third parties to access and implement the XAML formats in their own client, server and tool products will help promote interoperability, opportunity and choice across the IT community. Use of the Open Specification Promise assures developers that they can use any Microsoft patents needed to implement all or part of the XAML formats for free, anywhere in the world, now and in the future.” Please let me know if you have any questions or if I can provide you with any additional information. Best, N-- This marks the most recent in a slew of efforts by the Borg of the Pacific Northwest to "promote greater interoperability, opportunity and choice", and I know it's left a lot of people Read More...
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So I took the plunge and installed Leopard onto my MacBook Pro tonight, and as of right now, I'm not a happy camper. The installation started off well enough--pop in the DVD, bring up the installer, double-click, answer a few form fields, then wait as it verifies the DVD, reboots into the CD-launched installer again, answer a few form fields, then sit and read my latest copy of Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine while the installation completes. Roughly an hour or so later, it's done, and I have a bright and shiny new Leopard installation on my Mac. Yay. Software Update tells me there are a few things that need updating--sure, that makes sense, since I think the latest version of Leopard is actually now 10.5.2, so go ahead. Bad move. Ever since that update, any attempt to join my home wireless network fails miserably. AirPort can clearly see the network--it discovers the SSID without a problem--but joining it yields no love. The error that shows up in the console log is always this pair: airportd Error: Apple80211Associated() failed -6 _emUIServer Error: airport MIG failed = -6 ((null) port = 60027) I've tried several things suggested in the Apple forums, from changing the order of connected systems to put the Airport on the top, to clearing out my list of remembered SSIDs, to turning the AirPort off and back on again, to downloading the TimeMachine upgrade and installing it, even to blowing out the PRAM on boot. Nothing doing. Tomorrow we make a trip to the Apple Genius Bar to see what those geniuses have to say, but I'm not optimistic. I will update this blog and apologize profusely if I'm wrong, of course, but given the number of unsuccessful support calls that people are lamenting, I'm guessing this will be one of those "Well, if you want to ship it back to the factory, sir, ...." responses, which is NOT an option. Well... OK, it is an option, given that I do most everything in VMWare images, sure, but the thought of going back to my T42p (with only 1.5GB of RAM on it, compared to the full 4GB on my MBP) is not endearing to me, particularly because Vista has a problem with releasing the USB hard drives that I store most of the VMWare images on.... Somebody please tell me they have an easy fix for this, one which Googling has not yet revealed.... Enterprise consulting, mentoring or instruction. Java, C++, .NET or XML services. 1-day or multi-day workshops available. Contact me for details . Read More...
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Apparently, I'm drawing enough of an audience through this blog that various folks have started to send me press releases and notifications and requests for... well, I dunno exactly, but I'm assuming some blogging love of some kind. I'm always a little leery about that particular subject, because it always has this dangerous potential to turn the blog into a less-credible marketing device, but people at conferences have suggested that they really are interested in what I think about various products and tools, so perhaps it's time to amend my stance on this. With that in mind, if you are a vendor and have a product that you'd like me to take a look at and (possibly) offer up a review here, here's the basic rules: No guarantees. Sending me something will in no way guarantee that I will review your product, for several reasons, two of which being (a) I get really busy sometimes, and (b) I may have no interest whatsoever in your product and I refuse to pretend to do so. (Readers can usually tell when the reviewer isn't all that excited about the subject, I've found.) If you're not going to send me a "real" version (meaning not the time-locked or feature-crippled demo), don't bother. I have no idea when I will get around to a review, and I have no desire to review something that isn't "the real deal". I will in turn promise that the licensed version you send me (if necessary) will not be used for any purpose other than my own research and exploration (signing contract if necessary to give you that "fresh-from-the-lawyer's-office" warm and fuzzy feeling). I say what I think, pro and con. I will not edit my review to suit your marketing purpose, and if you ask me to do so I will simply note in the review that you have asked me to do so. I retain full editorial control over what I say about your product. Having established #1, I will try to be as fair as I can about your product, and point out things that I liked and things that I didn't. (Of course, if I hated it from top to bottom, I may end up with the only positive thing being "It didn't set the atmosphere on fire when I started the app", but hey, that's something positive, right?) Also in the spirit of #1, if you send me mail answering questions or complaints in my review, I will of course amend the review with your comments. You are always welcome to post comments to the blog entry itself, too. Unless you insult my grandmother, then I will have to get all DELETE-key on you. The reason I'm posting this here is Read More...
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A couple of people have asked me over the last few weeks, so it's probably worth saying out loud: No, I don't work for a large company, so yes, I'm available for consulting and research projects. If you've got one of those burning questions like, "How would our company/project/department/whatever make use of JRuby-and-Rails, and what would the impact to the rest of the system be", or "Could using F# help us write applications faster", or "How would we best integrate Groovy into our application", or "How does the new Adobe Flex/AIR move help us build richer client apps", or "How do we improve the performance of our Java/.NET app", or other questions along those lines, drop me a line and let's talk. Not only will I cook up a prototype describing the answer, but I'll meet with your management and explain the consequences of the research, both pro and con, for them to evaluate. Shameless call for consulting complete, now back to the regularly-scheduled programming. Enterprise consulting, mentoring or instruction. Java, C++, .NET or XML services. 1-day or multi-day workshops available. Contact me for details . Read More...
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During the Lang.NET Symposium, a couple of things "clicked" all simultaneously, giving me one of those "Oh, I get it now" moments that just doesn't want to leave you alone. During the Intentional Software presentation, as the demo wound onwards I (and the rest of the small group gathered there) found myself looking at the same source code, but presented in a variety of new ways, some of which appealed to me as the programmer, others of which appealed to the mathematicians in the room, others of which appealed to the non-programmers in the room. (I heard one of the Microsoft hosts, a non-technical program manager, I think, say, "Wow, even I could understand that spreadsheet view, and that was writing code?") During the spreadsheet-written-in-IronPython presentation (ResolverOne), we were essentially looking at new ways of writing IronPython code, thus leveraging all the syntactic power of a programming language with a nicer front end. During the aspect-oriented talk (the one by Stefan Wenig and Fabian Schmeid), we found ourselves looking at a tool that essentially takes compiled assemblies and weaves in additional code based on descriptors from outside that codebase; in essence, just another aspect-oriented tool. But combine this with my own investigations into Soot, LLVM, Parrot, and Phoenix, alongside the usual discussions around the DLR, CLR, JVM and DaVinci machine, couple that with the presentation Harry gave about parser expression grammars and the research in the functional community into parser combinators, throw in the aspect-oriented and metaprogramming facilities that the Rubyists and other dynamic linguists go on for days about, and what do you end up with? Folks, the future is in modular toolchains . This is an oversimplification, and a radical oversimplification at that, but imagine for a moment: A parser takes your source code (let's assume it is Java, just for grins) and builds an AST out of it. Not an AST that's inherently deeply coupled to the Java language, mind you, but a general-purpose one that stands as a union of Java, C#, C++, Perl, Python, Smalltalk, and other languages. (Note that some of the linguistic concepts in some of those languages may not end up in this AST, but instead operate on the AST itself, a la C++'s template facilities.) Said parser is now finished, and can either output a binary (or potentially XML, though it'd probably be hideously verbose) version of this AST to disk for later consumption, or would more than likely Read More...
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Thought I'd offer a highly-biased interpretation of the goings-on here at the Lang.NET Symposium. Quite an interesting crowd gathered here; I don't have a full attendee roster, but it includes Erik Meijer, Brian Goetz, Anders Hjelsberg, Jim Hugunin, John Lam, Miguel de Icaza, Charlie Nutter, John Rose, Gilad Braha, Paul Vick, Karl Prosser, Wayne Kelly, Jim Hogg, among a crowd in total of about 40. Great opportunities to do those wonderful hallway chats that seem to be the far more interesting part of conferences. Jason Zander : Jason basically introduces the Symposium, and the intent of the talk was mostly to welcome everybody (including the > 50% non-Microsoft crowd here) and offer up some interesting history of the CLR and .NET, dating all the way back to a memo/email sent by Chris Brumme in 1998 about garbage collection and the "two heaps", one around COM+ objects, and the other for malloc-allocated data. Fun stuff; hardly intellectually challenging, mind you, but interesting. Anders Hjelsberg : Anders walks us through the various C# 3.0 features and how they combine to create the subtle power that is LINQ (it's for a lot more than just relational databases, folks), but if you've seen his presentation on C# 3 at TechEd or PDC or any of the other conferences he's been to, you know how that story goes. The most interesting part of his presentation was a statement he made that I think has some interesting ramifications for the industry: I think that the taxonomies of programming languages are breaking down. I think that languages are fast becoming amalgam. ... I think that in 10 years, there won't be any way to categorize languages as dynamic, static, procedural, object, and so on. (I'm paraphrasing here--I wasn't typing when he said it, so I may have it wrong in the exact wording.) I think, first of all, he's absolutely right. Looking at both languages like F# and Scala, for example, we see a definite hybridization of both functional and object languages, and it doesn't take much exploration of C#'s and VB's expression trees facility to realize that they're already a half-step shy of a full (semantic or syntactic) macro system, something that traditionally has been associated with dynamic languages. Which then brings up a new question: if languages are slowly "bleeding" out of their traditional taxonomies, how will the vast myriad hordes of developers categorize themselves? We can't call ourselves "object-oriented" developers if the taxonomy doesn't exist, Read More...
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People visiting my house have commented from time to time on the fact that at my house, there's no WEP key or WPA password to get on the network; in fact, if you were to park your car in my driveway and open up your notebook, you can jump onto the network and start browsing away. For years, I've always shrugged and said, "If I can't spot you sitting in my driveway, you deserve the opportunity to attack my network." Fortunately, Bruce Schneier, author of the insanely-good-reading Crypto-Gram newsletter , is in the same camp as I: My Open Wireless Network Whenever I talk or write about my own security setup, the one thing that surprises people -- and attracts the most criticism -- is the fact that I run an open wireless network at home. There's no password. There's no encryption. Anyone with wireless capability who can see my network can use it to access the internet. To me, it's basic politeness. Providing internet access to guests is kind of like providing heat and electricity, or a hot cup of tea. But to some observers, it's both wrong and dangerous. I'm told that uninvited strangers may sit in their cars in front of my house, and use my network to send spam, eavesdrop on my passwords, and upload and download everything from pirated movies to child pornography. As a result, I risk all sorts of bad things happening to me, from seeing my IP address blacklisted to having the police crash through my door. While this is technically true, I don't think it's much of a risk. I can count five open wireless networks in coffee shops within a mile of my house, and any potential spammer is far more likely to sit in a warm room with a cup of coffee and a scone than in a cold car outside my house. And yes, if someone did commit a crime using my network the police might visit, but what better defense is there than the fact that I have an open wireless network? If I enabled wireless security on my network and someone hacked it, I would have a far harder time proving my innocence. This is not to say that the new wireless security protocol, WPA, isn't very good. It is. But there are going to be security flaws in it; there always are. I spoke to several lawyers about this, and in their lawyerly way they outlined several other risks with leaving your network open. While none thought you could be successfully prosecuted just because someone else used your network to commit a crime, any investigation could be time-consuming and expensive. You might have your computer equipment seized, Read More...
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After pulling down the Solaris Developer Express 9/07 VMWare image , that it would make just too much sense to install Mercurial, grab the OpenJDK sources, and get the OpenJDK build going on that VMWare image and re-release the image back to the world, so those who wanted to build the OpenJDK and have an out-of-the-box ready-to-go experience could do so. (I'd love to do the same for Windows, but there's obvious licensing problems there.) Then, because the VMWare image would already have the Sun Studio 12 and NetBeans IDEs on it, one would have a complete debugging and profiling platform for spelunking the OpenJDK code base. Thus far,though, I'm running into a significant snag, in that SDX doesn't want to run Sun Studio out of the box: it complains that it can't find CC on the PATH (which is on the PATH, as near as I can tell). Putting it on the PATH and re-launching the IDE (as suggested in the error message) has no effect, nor does modifying my .profile and logging-out-and-back-in-again. To make matters more interesting, when kicking off Make, it throws a Java exception claiming "out of free space", which shouldn't be the case at all, since the drive the project lives on has a couple of gigs free. I've posted the errors to the Sun Studio 12 forums (after noticing that somebody else posted the exact same problems back in October , with no replies, which is discouraging), but was hoping one of the folks who listen in on the blog has some suggestions to try to fix this. Note that when using "dmake" (Solaris' native make, it seems) from the command-line, it works flawlessly. Help? Overall, the SDX environment looks pretty clean, though I can't say I'm comfortable with all the places that Solaris likes to install stuff; why, for example, do they want to put Sun Studio into /opt? It just seems strange to do so, though I guess it's no stranger than Mac OS X's /Applications directory. Speaking of which.... From the "Why didn't I think of this before now?" Department: Given that the JDK source base is now completely unfettered and free, what holds up the Mac JDK 6 release? I can somewhat understand if Apple doesn't want to pursue the Mac (I said understand, not empathize or agree with, mind you), but why doesn't Sun take the necessary steps to bring a Mac port up to snuff? Or, alternatively, where is the Mac-toting Java-loving crowd? Granted, getting AWT and Swing up to snuff on the Mac might not be a trivial exercise, I'll grant you that, but a large part of the JDK Read More...
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My eight-year-old son, a few months ago, asked me what it is I do. I tried to explain to him that Daddy works as a consultant, teaching people how to build computer systems that help people do things. He thought about it a moment, then said, "So you build robots and stuff?" No, not exactly, I build software, which controls the computers. "So you program the robots to do things?" No, I build software like what runs Amazon or eBay. "So you build websites?" At which point, wisdom dawned on me, and I said, "Yes, I build websites." He thought about it a moment, then said, "Then how come your website is so boring?" With the coming of the new year comes a change in my professional life. Starting on 11 Feb, I will be working as a technical consultant to Cie Studios , an "interactive and entertainment and marketing company", which is about as far away from my traditional consulting client as I can get without leaving the industry completely. You see, Cie focuses mostly on front-end, high-gloss kinds of graphical UI things. I focus mostly on back-end, deep-in-the-bowels kinds of plumbing things. They use lots of Flash and other animation tools. I haven't figured out how to draw anything more sophisticated than a stick figure (and believe me, my kids laughed at me last time I drew them in stick figures.) They make things like Nitto 1320 Legends , a free online combination of racing and social networking. I make things like HR systems for big corporations. My parents thought the Cie website was cool and attractive; they barely understand what a "high-scale transactional enterprise system" does, much less why anybody would pay for somebody to help them build it. Talk about your odd couples. Nevertheless, I've found a nearly-full-time home for a while, and we're all pretty excited about the partnership. The project I'm working on? Can't say much about it now, but suffice it to say, Cie is looking to leverage my love for programming language design & implementation in a new entertainment project.... which, of course, my kids are excited about, because for the first time they'll actually have something they can look at that Dad built. (Actually, I'm kinda excited about that part, too.) The tradeoff here is obvious: they teach me about Flash and making user interfaces that are more exciting than my usual console application front-end, and I teach them... uh... I teach them... let's see.... well, anyway, they're happy with the arrangement. Fortunately, they're also happy Read More...
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